Imagine Botswana’s Okavango Delta in 1850- vast grassy plains and lush waters teeming with elephants, giraffes, lions, cheetahs, zebras, and rhinoceroses.

This idyllic scene was a testament to nature's abundance. Sadly, the scenario drastically changed.

By 1900, white rhinos had dwindled from an estimated 300,000 to fewer than 100. By 1985, rhinos in Botswana faced extinction due to relentless poaching. By the turn of the century, only 2,000 black rhinos remained globally. However, a glimmer of hope emerged in 2000 with the establishment of the Botswana Rhino Reintroduction Project by Wilderness Safaris and the Department of Wildlife and National Parks. This initiative has successfully brought both white and black rhinos back to the Okavango Delta, illustrating how local extinction can be reversed when animals still exist elsewhere.

Translocation Efforts

The initial step involved translocating rhinos from neighboring countries such as South Africa and Zimbabwe. Rhino translocation is a complex process requiring significant coordination, partnerships, and unwavering dedication. Up to 15 stakeholders are often involved in such efforts.

According to Dr. Markus Hofmeyr of Rhinos Without Borders, translocations involve meticulous planning. Rhinos must be transported individually in crates and monitored throughout their journey to ensure safety. Border crossings require careful scheduling to avoid delays, while regulatory approvals, veterinary checks, and habitat assessments are conducted to meet CITES requirements.

Establishing a Monitoring Framework

Dear Lykkers, Map Ives, a key figure in the original initiative, established Rhino Conservation Botswana (RCB) in 2016 to enhance monitoring and protection efforts. With rhinos inhabiting an expansive 15,000 square kilometers in the Okavango and a wider range of up to 45,000 square kilometers, monitoring is no small task.

RCB collaborates with wildlife departments and defense forces to track rhinos using low-flying aircraft, ground patrols, and electronic systems. Data collection includes breeding rates, territories, water and food availability, and potential threats such as wildfires. Signs of poaching, like footprints or horse tracks, are immediately reported to security forces, who safeguard both white and black rhino populations.

Rising Threats

However, the rise in poaching during the late 2010s posed new challenges. Poaching incidents escalated dramatically, driven by demand for rhino horns in certain international markets. Enhanced security measures have helped stabilize white rhino numbers, but efforts remain focused on ensuring poaching stays below breeding rates.

The long-term vision includes translocating animals to other areas in Africa to preserve biodiversity and ensure a healthier planet. The aim is to create a legacy where future generations can witness thriving rhino populations and benefit from their role in maintaining ecological balance.

“The dream remains that rhino conservation efforts will sustain future generations and ensure these magnificent creatures continue to grace Botswana’s landscapes,” affirmed conservation leaders.